Online research outputs that are freely accessible and usable are known as open access. All types of published research output, including conference papers, book chapters, monographs, peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed academic journal articles, can be made open access. The processing fees for publishing the work of the writer will be covered.

There are two sorts of open access: libre open access, which is free online access plus a number of extra usage rights, and gratis open access, which is free online access.

Government research grants, university funds, and research funding agencies all provide financing for pure open access publications, which do not charge processing fees. ‘Green’ open access is what we call this. Take PubMed Central as an example.

Another approach for authors to make their research publicly accessible is to publish their findings as soon as they are made available by the publisher. ‘Gold’ open access is the term for this. Author is required to reimburse publisher for processing expenses in this process.

Digital research publications, right away established techniques and processes, e-books, digital magazines, and the creation of digital libraries and catalogs are all examples of online publishing. Scientific publishing has increasingly adopted electronic publishing to disseminate books, magazines, and newspapers to readers.